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       原油中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有少量鹽類的(de)水(shui)分，鹽類在(zai)原油加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對設備(bei)產生腐蝕和(he)降低催(cui)化劑的(de)活(huo)性。原油中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)合的(de)鹽類除一小部分以結晶狀(zhuang)態懸浮于(yu)原油中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)，絕大部分溶(rong)于(yu)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以微小水(shui)滴狀(zhuang)態分散(san)在(zai)原油中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，形(xing)成了(le)較為穩定的(de)油包(bao)水(shui)型的(de)乳化液(ye)。要使鹽和(he)水(shui)從原油中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脫出，首(shou)先要進(jin)行破乳。

       原油(you)(you)(you)破(po)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)劑是通過破(po)壞原油(you)(you)(you)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)化液(ye)中油(you)(you)(you)與(yu)水(shui)間的(de)液(ye)膜而打破(po)油(you)(you)(you)包(bao)水(shui)型的(de)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)化狀態，使(shi)(shi)其在高壓電(dian)場的(de)作用下，使(shi)(shi)微小水(shui)滴(di)聚集成較大的(de)水(shui)滴(di)，從原油(you)(you)(you)中分離出(chu)來。破(po)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)劑的(de)組(zu)成以(yi)大分子表面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)劑為(wei)主，活性(xing)基團為(wei)醇醚(mi)類。破(po)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)過程對(dui)原油(you)(you)(you)的(de)脫(tuo)鹽效果影響很(hen)大，煉油(you)(you)(you)廠采用的(de)是油(you)(you)(you)溶性(xing)破(po)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)劑。油(you)(you)(you)溶性(xing)破(po)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)劑有(you)使(shi)(shi)用量小、破(po)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)速度(du)快、油(you)(you)(you)水(shui)界面(mian)(mian)齊、脫(tuo)出(chu)水(shui)清(qing)等特點，每克原油(you)(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)用5~15ug即可(ke)以(yi)達到了脫(tuo)鹽脫(tuo)水(shui)的(de)技術要求(qiu)。

       由于油(you)溶性破(po)(po)乳(ru)劑(ji)的注入(ru)量較(jiao)小，為了(le)(le)使油(you)溶性破(po)(po)乳(ru)劑(ji)與原(yuan)油(you)充分混(hun)(hun)合，破(po)(po)乳(ru)劑(ji)由原(yuan)油(you)泵入(ru)口(kou)處注入(ru)，原(yuan)油(you)泵內葉(xie)輪(lun)高速轉動(dong)，使破(po)(po)乳(ru)劑(ji)與原(yuan)油(you)進行充分混(hun)(hun)合后進入(ru)裝置(zhi)，保(bao)證電脫(tuo)(tuo)鹽系(xi)統的正常運行，達(da)(da)到(dao)了(le)(le)脫(tuo)(tuo)鹽脫(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)的技(ji)術要求(qiu)，實現脫(tuo)(tuo)后原(yuan)油(you)的鹽含量<3mg/L、水(shui)含量<03%的行業標準要求(qiu)，達(da)(da)到(dao)了(le)(le)深(shen)度脫(tuo)(tuo)鹽，為后續加工裝置(zhi)提供了(le)(le)良好的原(yuan)料。